This is 21st Century; people want smarter products, which are easy to handle, quick and available all the time. The display screens are getting better and better, the introduction of super high resolution, 8K, is on the way to give most real images and will provide perfect experience of all time. But do you know when this journey of display technology has actually started and on which direction it is headed towards? Smart phones, touch screens, high resolution Mac screens and a lot more are the things that have become a part of our daily life.
There is a huge competition going on among multinationals, international and national companies; this leads the industry to reach at its peak. Mobile manufacturers, television industrialists and monitor screen development companies are few to mention, are the industries that are fulfilling the consumer demand all over the world.
We can see the trend that has commenced its steps from 1950’s trilling television pictures to the introduction of Macintosh computers and today’s striking AMOLED screens. This has made display technology omnipresent and became a part of our lives, on continuous spectrum. The most popular and advanced technology displays have its deep roots since its inception. the concept of 2D (2 dimension is no more in practice, the advent of three dimension (3D) images and movies, which have enhanced the visual impact, has its beginning years in 20th century. Currently, the high resolution impressive 4K and 5K display screens come from predecessors. The whole development backed the present constructions and will provide the foundation for future technology.
In this article, we will provide the foundational developments that are from the inception and brief history towards the upcoming expansions:
Establishments that Provide the Basic Dimensions
Cathode Ray Tube 1897:
The foundation of display screen was led down by the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), developed by Karl Ferdinand Braun in 1897. Karl was a Nobel Prize winner physicist and inventor. The invention of CRT has paved the way in providing the basis of display screens. He created CRT that comprised of a vacuum tube that can generate images by using electronic beams hitting a phosphorescent surface. CRT was first used in televisions and computer monitors to display images.
Electroluminescence 1907:
Electroluminescence was discovered by Henry Joseph Round in 1907; he found that a yellow light was produced when electric current was passed through silicon carbide detector, which provided the basic foundation for LED technology. However, Electroluminescent displays (ELDs) were discovered in early 20th century but became commercially workable in 1980’s. In 1907, another scientist named Boris Rosing transmitted crude geometrical pattern onto a television screen by applying CRT for the first time. ELD is required where ruggedness, speed, high contrast, brightness and a wide angle of vision is needed.
Early Television Developments:
The first television picture was transmitted by John Loggie Baird in 1925, with the use of mechanical systems. In 1926, he used moving objects and in 1928, colors in transmitting recognizable images. John Loggie’s mechanical system comprised a mechanical camera having large spinning disc and spiral of holes that was developed by Paul Nipkow in 1884. This mechanical technology in 1927 turned into an electronic television by Philo Taylor Fransworth. Furthermore, in 1935 the first 3D TV was introduced.
Era of 40’s and 50’s:
The epoch of 40’s and 50’s was the era of3D. The first feature length motion picture in 3D was used in 1947 in the Soviet Union film “Bwana Devil and Bulls”. Approximately 46 movies based on 3D domain were released in early 50’s like “House of Wax”. Though the quality was of poor level and it didn’t work really well because of deprived picture feature.
Curved TV Screen First Appearance:
In 1952, first curved TV screen was used in a number of cinemas. It was totally dependent on human vision. At that time, it was the major attraction for people who travelled miles to watch a movie. However it didn’t work for long period.
Introduction of Color Screen TV
During early 50’s, color digital TV was introduced. It was better than the previous black and white TV screens; it embedded luminance and chrominance for the best time, which had improved the experience. At that time, National Television System Committee –NTSC system were encoding the programs. Since then, color schemes vary from model to model.
LED Innovation:
Robert Biard and Gary Pittman manifested the infrared Light Emitted Diode (LED) for the very first time in history. It was developed for Texas Instruments, which were invisible to human eye. However, Nick Holonyack was the person behind LED that was visible to eyes. He used Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) on a GaAs semi-insulating substrate and was awarded with the title “Father of LED”.
Origination of LCD and Plasma:
In 1964, Liquid Crystal Display – LCD and Plasma Display Panel –PDP were created. The development of LCD technology had bought the concept of flat screens television. However, the plasma televisions didn’t become very popular at that time.
Evolution of Advancing Technologies
Touchscreen Technology:
The first touch screen technology was developed by E.A. Johnson in 1965. The device was comprised of a radar screen for controlling air traffic and was first used by Royal Radar Establishment for the aforementioned purpose. It was in use till 1990’s as they were slow, very expensive and imprecise. Around 1995, it became the ancestor of screens that are used today like ATMs and ticketing kiosks.
IMAX Inception:
In 1967, IMAX was introduced by Canadian filmmakers group together in Montreal to create a multi-screen film installation. The first large screen film was experienced by using nine projectors in a sync. The first IMAX file “Tiger Child” was showcased in Osaka Expo in 1970. The film “North of Superior” was showed in 1971 at Cinesphere theatre, Toronto. IMAX has the capacity to display large size and resolution films.
High Definition Television (HDTV):
The period of 1960’s and 1970’s was the time when developments were made in HDTV. After Tokyo 1964 Olympics, Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) experienced HDTV screens. It was Panasonic, who designed a TV prototype in 1974 that can display 1,125 lines of pixels that was about 2.5 times of standard definition in display screens.
Adventure of Bigger and Better displays
First Macintosh Computer Presented:
The great development in history took place in the year 1984 when the very first Mac was available for consumers. It was a 9-inch monitor screen, comprised of 512 x 342 pixels monochrome display. Though today you can see it as a minor development but at that time it was a revolutionary thing giving way to new trend of technology wave.
Today, Mac is the huge change with display screen of Retina 5K, 5,120 x 2,880 pixels, with outstanding increase of 8400 percent, supported by millions of colors and providing a remarkable and unforgettable experience to users all over the world.
Organic Light Emitting Diode:
The initial Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) was developed by Eastman Kodak researchers Ching W. Tang and Steven Van Slyke in the year 1987. They used two layered structure with separate hole, transporting and electron transporting layers. This allowed recombination and light emission in the middle of the organic layer, which reduced voltage and enhanced the efficiency of LED.
Enlargement of Television Screens- 80’s & 90’s:
1980’s and 1990’s was the time when display screen, like of television, was getting bigger and bigger. However, rear projection TV set was the standard and occupied a larger space for its placement until 2005. In early 21st century, the concept and trend of bigger and heavier television became obsolete, as the slimmer and lighter TV sets were accepted by larger community all over the world. Latest technology of lighter and slimmer display screens was highly accepted and in use like Digital Light Processing (DLP), Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) and enhanced quality Plasma and LCD.
Touchscreen Invades:
The invasion of touchscreen technology influenced the market on broader spectrum. The multinational giants like Microsoft, Apple, IMBM, HP and Atari revived the industry by bringing touchscreen technology into the conventional form. The display screens became smaller in size as it started to be used in cell phones. IBM introduced the first ever touchscreen phone Simon in 1992. Later, it was followed by FingerWorks who manufactured a line of multi-touch products in 1998. Later, FingerWorks was acquired by Apple. At that time, touchscreen was the expensive technology and restricted to phones only. In the early 1990, Sega attempted to have a handheld console game with touchscreen controls and finally they were unable to launch it due to very high cost.
Improved Resolution & Full Color Plasma Display:
The technology continued to improve and enhance its resolution by launching new models compatible with latest technology and better experience in 1990’s. Plasma technology remained apple of an eye till 2000’s, specifically for large display screens like 40 inches and above. Later on, Plasma technology was replaced by Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs).
Light Emitting Diodes – LED Arrived:
Light Emitting Diodes – LED technology arrived in 1995. The largest screen with the size of 1500 length and 90 feet height was first placed at Fremont Street in Las Vegas.
HDTV Introduced:
The first High Definition Television (HDTV) was launched in United States of America in 1998. However, HDTV technology was in use in several countries in work.
Latest Developments in Display Technology
LCD Technology outdoes Plasma:
Plasma technology was most accepted until 2005. The introduction of LCD screens surpasses the growth of Plasma not only in popularity but also highly accepted by the people due to its compact and larger size and lower cost. In this era, LED technologies also continue to expand that lead to the availability of LED backlit LCD TV.
The Debut of Retina Displays:
Apple was the company who has introduced Retina technology used in devices and monitors comprising better resolutions and pixel density (approx. 300 or more pixels per inch). The Retina Displays and Retina HD displays came up with high resolutions and the experience was so outstanding that human eye couldn’t determine any pixilation. Apple used Retina Display for the very first time in 2011 when it launched iPhone 4S, featuring 960 x 640 pixels display screen. Apple used this technology in its products including iPads, iPhones, iPods, Macs and Macbooks.
2007 Touchscreens as a Symbol of Status:
Apple iPhone was the first commercial smartphone in 2007, offering exclusive touchscreen. However, there is a huge debate going on that which company has offered touchscreen smartphone concept for the first time. Irrespective, touchscreen becomes the standard for mobile devices and the element of growth and competition for technology based companies.
Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED):
AMOLED technology enhances the resolution of display screens and improves the quality of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED). A number of technology companies are using AMOLED in different versions like Super AMOLED, HR AMOLED and other terms for their marketing.
3D Reappeared:
The concept of 3D revived again with much better quality and expertise, it became most popular in movie theatres and at home, thanks to the development in better display screens and high better resolution display screens. It also improved due to improved technologies like Alternate Frame Sequencing and auto-stereoscopic technologies.
High Resolutions Endure to Improve:
The game of resolutions has started, each and every tech company is spending millions of dollars in their research and development so that they can launch better products with high resolutions. The competition is not limited to TV only, it has reached mobile devices, smartphones, laptops, monitors, games and even in wearable technologies. If we compare today’s display screen with that in 2004, it is clearly indicate that at that time TV set used CRT with 27 inches screen size, and today’s display screens measure 60 inches and above.
The Future it Headed Towards
The Virtual Reality (VR), bendable screens, 5K and 8K are the few to mention but this industry holds a lot more to come.
Flexibility Becomes the Focus:
The display screens like TV and monitors are becoming thinner and thinner with the passage of time. Sony 4K TV that is only 4mm thick is the thinnest screen released at International Consumer Electronics Show – CES 2015 in Las Vegas. Furthermore the flexibility is the marketing term for the screens like flexible OLED and AMOLED screens that are penetrating the market.
Curved Screens Again Released:
The curved screens on TV are becoming a norm, current year CES observed and found the rising interest of consumers for curved screens on monitors as well. Samsung ATIV One 7 Curved was seen in CES 2015.
4K and 5K the New Concern:
The next generation of Technology will comprise of 4K and 5K technologies. In CES 2015, 4K Ultra HDTV was launched. The giants like Samsung, LG, Quantum and others have launched a number of 4K TV screens. According to TechRadar, Samsung Curved 4K SUHD TV, LG EG9900 4K Flexible OLED TV, LG 65-inch UF9400, Quantum Dot 4K UHD TV, Sony XBR-X900C Series 4K TV and other were debuted in CES 2015.
However, 4K technology was officially launched in 2014 CES by rewriting the new rules of image quality. This tech has influenced TV, cinema, camera, smart phones, tablets, computer monitors and gaming industries, giving birth to new trend of technology. Apple introduced 5K in iMac in current year CES, this encompassed high resolution displays of 5120 x 2880.
Virtual Reality:
The displays are now focusing on user interactive segments and they have come up with the concept of Virtual Reality (VR). In CES 2015, HP launched its Zvr Virtual Reality Display monitor that would allow users to operate 3d images on the screens. Samsung Gear VR is another product that gives 96 degree viewing angle. Valve, Sony, Microsoft, Google and Oculus Rift are few names that are working on VR technology. Samsung, Sony, Google and Oculus Rift are famous for VR for gaming, social and mobile platforms.
Quantum-Dot Technology:
LG used Quantum Dot (QD) technology in 2013, this display technology quickly grab the span and speed up its progress. In actual, it is like LED-backlit LCD TV, which is swaggering the exceptional quality of image and vivid manners.
What more to come in future?
8K technology also has taken its debut. What is 8K technology? It is super high resolution Full Ultra HD (FUHD) and the Ultra high definition TV (UDHTV) resolution used in digital TV and cinematography. Red 8 K Full-Frame WEAPON Camera with 8192 x 4320 sensors will appear in upcoming NAB Show. Apple is also expected to launch its 8K iMac screen soon by the end of 2015. Now multinational giants are moving towards super high resolution epoch. Technology grand shows like MWC, CES, NAB and others have provided a great platform for tech savvy people and companies to come up with latest technologies.
The competition has become so intense that companies are fighting to get the highest market share and it has become the core for their existence. This is not only competition but the acceptance of larger community has provided a path to reach heights of success.
The future of technology contains many hidden things that can be explored with the passage of time and will bring a new life to it.
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